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Identify a family member or a friend, not a client, and use the COLDER approach/questions to conduct a pain assessment. Write a brief summary of what you discovered and suggest two nursing non-pharmacological interventions.

The nurse must first conduct a thorough assessment. This includes a thorough history, physical examination, and a review of past medical records.

The pain assessment should include subjective information, which should be abbreviated as:

COLDER

Sharp, dull, achy, and burning

,

When did it all begin?

Where exactly is it?

Duration refers to how long something lasts.

What causes an exacerbation?

What makes it better—relief?

Does radiation exist, and if so, where does it move?

What is the nurse concerned about? When a person is in pain, they do not move as they should. Protecting against pain has an impact on circulation, healing, gas exchange, and gastrointestinal motility. We’ve talked about how important mobility is for maintaining homeostasis. This can make recovery more difficult because the client may not have enough gas exchange or circulation to heal or remove toxins.